定语从句第十七章
PART01知识点拨目录CONTENTSPART02例题分析PART03知能精炼010203
01知识点拨
语法概念在复合句中修饰某一名词、代词或主句或部分内容的从句叫定语从句。它相当于一个形容词,起定语作用,通常放在被修饰词语(即“先行词”)之后,由“关系词”引导。例:ThemanwhoistalkingtoTomisourEnglishteacher.(“man”是“先行词”,“who”是“关系代词”引导定语从句“WhoistalkingtoTom”)
高频考点一、关系词依据其在从句中的功用,分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。1.关系代词主要有:who,whom,whose,that,which2.关系副词主要有:when,where,why
高频考点二、关系词及其功能:1.引导出一个定语从句(在从句开头);2.指代、替代“先行词”;3.在从句中充当成分。
高频考点三、用法说明:1.用在限定性定语从句中,关系代词who与that作从句的主语修饰人,不能省略:例:Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingisafamoussinger.2.who,whom,that在定语从句中作宾语时,在口语中常省略。例:Thestudents(who/whom/that)wetalkedaboutyesterdayplayfootballwell.3.whose在从句中作定语,指代“某人的”或“某物的”例:Johnwhoseparentsarebothteacherswillcometomorrow.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
高频考点4.that,which引导修饰指物的先行词,作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。例:Thetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyeargrowwell.Thetrees(which/that)weplantedlastyeargrowwell.5.常常只用that作关系代词的场合1)先行词为不定代词;2)先行词为两个或两个以上的名词,其中含有指人或指物的名词;3)先行词被形容词最高级、被序数词、被all,no,some,little,theonly,thevery等修饰时。例:Thereisnothingthatcanstophimworkinghard.Themanandthehorsethatfellintotheriverweresaved.
高频考点6.在介词后只能用whom或which,不能用that。例:ThelibrarytowhichweoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.ThisismyteacherfromwhomI’velearntalot.7.why用作修饰reason的定语从句。例:That’sthereasonwhyEinsteinandhisfamilyleftEuropefortheUSAin1933.8.where代替at/in/towhich,在从句中作地点状语。例:Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichthestolencarwasfound.9.when代替at/in/on/duringwhich,在从句中作时间状语。例:October1st,1949wasthedaywhen/onwhichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
高频考点10.as也可作关系代词,常和such,thesame连用。例:Itissuchadifficultquestionaswecan’tanswer.HeworksinthesamefactoryasIdo.但是注意,when,where是副词,在从句中只能充当状语,如果在句中不是充当状语就不能用。例:Theroom(which)wejustcleanedisdirtyagain.
高频考点三、限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句,限定修饰“先行词”若省去,则意义不完整,影响表