倒装---
一、完全倒装
完全倒装即将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前,主要用于以下几种情况:
1.以某些副词开头的句子,如:here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,thus,ahead,back,over,off等,谓语动词为be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand,run等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Awayflewthebird.Thenfollowedthreedaysofrain.
注意:主语是人称代词不倒装。
Inhecameandthelessonbegan.Thusbegantherevolution.
2.介词短语置于句首,表方位,表地点时。
Amongthechildrenwastheirteacherwhowaslovedbyherpupils.
Throughthewindowcameintheterriblesmell.
3.在therebe句型中或there加其它表示类似“存在”的动词(如seem,happen,exist,stand,lie,appear,live,rise等)结构中。
Therestandsalargechemicalplantnearourschool.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装即将谓语的一部分,如助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。应用于下列情景
1.Only+状语或状语从句置于句首时。
Onlywhenonelosesfreedomdoesoneknowitsvalue.
注意:only后接主语不倒装。Onlyfivepeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.
2.否定副词、短语或否定状语从句位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。此类词有neither,nor,never,not,nowhere,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,little,nolonger,atnotime,bynomeans,innoway,innocase,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount,notonly,notuntil,invain等。
Bynomeanswasheabletohandlethetoughproblem.
注意:如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,atall时,意义类似almostno/not/never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
Hardlyanypeoplehavingbeeninvitedwentthere.
3.当一些关联词如nosooner…than,scarcely…when,hardly…when,notonly…butalso,neither...nor等位于句首时,从句部分要倒装。
Nosoonerhadhecomebackhomethanitbegantorain.
注意:只有当notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不用倒装结构。Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
4.当“so/such…that”结构中的so,such位于句首时。
Soproudistheyoungmanthatheisreluctanttoacceptothers’opinion.
5.often,always,once,manyatime,nowandagain,everyotherday,everytwohours等表频率时Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyschoolwork.
6.形容词位于句首时。Luckyishewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversity.在此句型中,形容词在句子中作be动词的表语。一般副词