分词---
一、种类
现在分词：表主动，表进行过去分词：表被动，表完成
二、形式
一般式：writing/beingwritten
完成式：havingwritten/havingbeenwritten
过分：written
否定式：notknowingwhattodo…
三、现在分词和过去分词的区别
1、时态上
1）现在分词表示动作正在进行2）过去分词表示动作已经完成
boilingwater,boiledwater
2、语态上：
1）现在分词表主动2）过去分词表被动
Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthecitysmall.
Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.
四、成份
1、定语adevelopingcountry,boiledwater,surprisingnews
如果是单个分词，放在n.前aninterestingbook
如果是分词短语放在n.后,相当于一个定语从句
Theman(whois)sittingbythewindowisourteacher.
Thisisanovel(thatwas)writtenbyLuXun.
apuzzlingquestion/puzzledmother
thesurprisedvoice/expression/look
amanseatedthereagirldressedinred
amessagereading…,alettersaying…
2、表语
Thefilmismoving
Yourhomeworkiswelldone.
excite,surprise,move,please,inspire,puzzle,disappoint,frighten,discourage,encourage,interest
I’minterestedintheinterestingbook.
I’mexcitedatwatchingtheexcitingmovie.
3、状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况
a）表时间：相当于时间状语从句
Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawawomanwalkinginthestreet.
WhenIlookedoutofthewindow,Isawawomanwalkinginthestreet.
b）表原因：相当于原因状语从句
Beingateacher,Imustworkhard.
ImustworkhardbecauseI’mateacher.
c）表伴随：方式或结果
Shestoodthere,waitingforabus.
Thestudentscamein,laughingandtalking.
Hecamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.
Hecameinfollowingagroupofstudents.
Hewentaway,leavingmespeechless.
Hewonthematch,makingeveryonehappy.
generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking,considering,judgingby/from,supposing,takingeverythingintoaccount,concerning,comparedto/with独立成分，用来解释整句话。当固定短语用。
Generallyspeaking,housesinAmericaarebiggerthanhousesinthiscountry.
Judgingfromyouraccent,youmustbefromScotland.
Supposingwelose,whatshouldwedo?
Theyhadaheateddiscussionconcerningcertainproblems.
Comparedtoyou,I’mold.
Consideringhisage,heisunfitfort