分词---
一、种类
现在分词:表主动,表进行过去分词:表被动,表完成
二、形式
一般式:writing/beingwritten
完成式:havingwritten/havingbeenwritten
过分:written
否定式:notknowingwhattodo…
三、现在分词和过去分词的区别
1、时态上
1)现在分词表示动作正在进行2)过去分词表示动作已经完成
boilingwater,boiledwater
2、语态上:
1)现在分词表主动2)过去分词表被动
Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthecitysmall.
Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.
四、成份
1、定语adevelopingcountry,boiledwater,surprisingnews
如果是单个分词,放在n.前aninterestingbook
如果是分词短语放在n.后,相当于一个定语从句
Theman(whois)sittingbythewindowisourteacher.
Thisisanovel(thatwas)writtenbyLuXun.
apuzzlingquestion/puzzledmother
thesurprisedvoice/expression/look
amanseatedthereagirldressedinred
amessagereading…,alettersaying…
2、表语
Thefilmismoving
Yourhomeworkiswelldone.
excite,surprise,move,please,inspire,puzzle,disappoint,frighten,discourage,encourage,interest
I’minterestedintheinterestingbook.
I’mexcitedatwatchingtheexcitingmovie.
3、状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况
a)表时间:相当于时间状语从句
Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawawomanwalkinginthestreet.
WhenIlookedoutofthewindow,Isawawomanwalkinginthestreet.
b)表原因:相当于原因状语从句
Beingateacher,Imustworkhard.
ImustworkhardbecauseI’mateacher.
c)表伴随:方式或结果
Shestoodthere,waitingforabus.
Thestudentscamein,laughingandtalking.
Hecamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.
Hecameinfollowingagroupofstudents.
Hewentaway,leavingmespeechless.
Hewonthematch,makingeveryonehappy.
generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking,considering,judgingby/from,supposing,takingeverythingintoaccount,concerning,comparedto/with独立成分,用来解释整句话。当固定短语用。
Generallyspeaking,housesinAmericaarebiggerthanhousesinthiscountry.
Judgingfromyouraccent,youmustbefromScotland.
Supposingwelose,whatshouldwedo?
Theyhadaheateddiscussionconcerningcertainproblems.
Comparedtoyou,I’mold.
Consideringhisage,heisunfitfort