Review:adverbialclauses;一、条件状语从句

1.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有:

if、unless、as/solongas、incase(万一)、once、onconditionthat、provided/providing(that)、supposing/suppose(that)、assumingthat(假设)等。

You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.

Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.

Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.;2.onlyif和ifonly的区别

onlyif意为“只有”,置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。

ifonly意为“但愿;要是……就好了”,引导的从句要用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,从句用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,从句用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,谓语用“would/could+动词原形”。

Onlyifhestudieshardercanhecatchupwithothers.

Ifonlyitwouldstopraining!;二、让步状语从句

1.although、though、as与while引导的让步状语从句

Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,hisworksarenotwidelyread.

Althoughthismaysoundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.

while也可以引导让步状语从句,但只能放在句首,意为“虽然;尽管”。

Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.;2.evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句

evenif与eventhough表示“即使,纵然”,引导让步状语从句时,可用虚拟语气,也可以用陈述语气。

I’lldoit,evenifittakesmeallafternoon.

EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn’ttakethejob.;3.“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句

however、whatever、whoever、whenever等引导的让步状语从句相当于“nomatter+疑问词”,意为“无论……”。

Wherever/Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwouldkeepyoucompany.

4.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

Whetherornothewillstay,Ireallydon’tcare.;三、时间状语从句

1.when、while和as引导的时间状语从句;ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayed,salesofFrenchwineswentup.

WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.

Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.;2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句

(1)有的名词短语或副词可引导时间状语从句,如:themoment、theminute、thesecond、theinstant、immediately、directly、instantly等。另外assoonas也可引导时间状语??句,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination’stime.

Theboyranofftheminutehesawtheowneroftheorchard.;(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...和nosooner...than...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。

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