获取竞争优势的人力资源管理之四HumanResourceManagementGainingAdvantageWhenyoufinishstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Explaintheconceptsofreliabilityandvalidity阐述信度和效度等基本概念Discusshowthejob,organizationandcandidatesinfluencetheutilityofatest.说明工作，组织和应聘者的特征如何影响了测试的效用。Discusssixtypesoftests.讨论六种测试方法1.theselectionprocess甄选1.1findingtherightpeoplefortherightjobandhiringhimorher---aprocessofscreeningcandidates.甄选是组织为特定工作寻找适当的人选并雇佣他的过程。Whytheselectionprocessisimportant?重用性(1)performance(2)cost(3)legalselection1.2testingforemployee
招聘测试TestingTestingtechniquesprovideofefficient,standardizedproceduresforscreeninglargenumbersofapplicantsforemploymentandpromotion.Introduction:theuseoftestsCareerdecisionsHiringandpromotionLargerorganizationsLegalselection1.3basicconcepts基本概念（1）Reliability信度Ifatestisreliable,thosewhotakeitwilltendtoscoreaboutthesamewhenretestedlaterorwhengivenanequivalenttest.指测试的一致性程度。是用同样的测试或等值形式的测试对同一被试重复实施测试所得到分数的一致性。InterrelationbetweenthescoresofSAT初中和高中学习态度分数之间的相关性InterrelationofEvaluationScoresfromMiddleSchoolTeacherandHighSchoolTeacher
初中和高中老师评价分数的相关性（2）Validity效度Representstheaccuracywithwhichatest,interview,etc.measureswhatitpurportstomeasureorfulfilsthefunctionitwasdesignedtofill.指测试确能测出它所要测量的特征和功能的程度。Criterionvalidity效标效度
Atypeofvaliditybasedonshowingthatscoresonthetest(predictors)arerelatedtojobperformance(criterion)是通过测试分数（预测因子）和工作绩效（效标）相关类证明测试是有效的一种效度类型。ValidationforachievementsoffreshmanContentvalidity内容效度Atestthatis“contentvalid”isoneinwhichthetestcontainsafairsampleofthetasksandskillsactuallyneededforthejobinquestion指一项测试是工作内容的一个很好样本，如工作中所需要的技能能反映在测试内容中。Contentvalidityrate2.HowtoImproveUtilityofaTest如何提高测试的效用性2.1.Analyzethejob分析工作Thefirststepistoanalyzethejobinorde