largevocabularylongandcomplicatedsentencesabstractconceptsnewtopicsWhyistheexpositorywritingdifficult？

考情分析

考情分析年份话题2024年I卷篇现代生物采样数据的科学性2023年I卷D篇“群体智慧”效应2023年II卷D篇城市中的自然场所有益健康2022年I卷D篇人类语音的发展与饮食的关系2022年6月浙江卷C篇适度的努力和良好的情绪有利于提升工作效率2022年1月浙江卷C篇健康女性患失智症的可能性高考真题阅读理解说明文·研究报考类

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科普说明文“阅读理解4步提升法”第一步：确定语篇类型第二步：梳理语篇结构第三步：确定题目与语篇结构的联系第四步：运用解题策略答题

(2023年新高考I卷D篇)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfid