论正当防卫制度中的逆防卫
摘要
逆防卫，是正当防卫的逆向化，是指不法侵害人为免受超限度正
当防卫侵害而采取的反向防卫行为。人权的普世性价值、正当防卫制
度的设定初衷、司法实践的客观需要，已证明并决定了逆防卫的正当
性。正当防卫制度自成立以来一直是我国法学界研究的热门研究对象，
而伴随着正当防卫制度不断丰富完善，部分学者开始将基于防卫权研
究覆盖向不法侵害人。人权理论的不断发展让更多学者开始检视我国
正当防卫制度的人权保障缺陷，并在正当防卫制度中探讨不法侵害人
的防卫权保障，逆防卫的制度设计由此被提出。基于人权理论的防卫
权是天赋人权，当代已获得世界各国的广泛认可。而无论是正当防卫
还是逆防卫，其根本都是为免受不法侵害而实施的防卫行为，且法律
已为防卫权实施设定了必要限度，逆防卫自然应当基于人权的正当性
而获得法律认可。本文赞成立逆防卫权成立，并论述其成立的正当性
和对其边界的认定问题展开分析。
关键词：正当防卫；逆防卫；正当性；构成要件；边界
ONCOUNTER-DEFENSEIN
THEJUSTIFIABLEDEFENSESYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Reversedefenseisthereversetransformationoflegitimatedefense,
whichreferstothereversedefenseacttakenbythewrongfulinfringerto
avoidtheinfringementoftheexcessivelegitimatedefense.Theuniversal
valueofhumanrights,theoriginalintentionofthelegitimatedefense
system,andtheobjectiveneedsofjudicialpracticehaveprovedand
determinedthelegitimacyofcounter-defense.Sinceitsestablishment,the
legitimatedefensesystemhasbeenahotresearchobjectinChinaslegal
circles,andwiththecontinuousenrichmentandimprovementofthe
legitimatedefensesystem,somescholarshavebeguntocoverthe
researchontherightofdefensetounlawfulinfringers.Thecontinuous
developmentofhumanrightstheoryhasmademorescholarsbeginto
examinetheshortcomingsofhumanrightsprotectioninChinas
legitimatedefensesystem,andexploretheprotectionofpeoplesdefense
rightsinthelegitimatedefensesystem,andthesystemdesignof
counter-defensehasbeenproposed.Therighttodefensebasedonhuman
rightstheoryisanaturalhumanright,whichhasbeenwidelyrecognized
bycountriesaroundtheworldincontemporarytimes.However,whether
itislegitimatedefenseorcounter-defense,itisfundamentallyadefensive
actcarriedouttoavoidunlawfulinfringement,andthelawhassetthe
necessarylimitsforth