2025届全国高考真题英语专项训练：阅读理解D篇

一、阅读理解

（2024·浙江·高考真题试卷）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby

psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedina

room.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaited

for15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneinthe

room.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlong

enoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.

Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottemptedbysugarytreats,butby

ourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarious

typesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.

Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrains

developedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardand

satisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedin

obtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisatthe

heartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.

Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswas

information-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivity

hasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnew

information.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedto

bemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”in

ordertomanageour