新职业英语EnglishforCivilEngineering
Warming-upReadingAListeningSpeaking4123ReadingB5Writing6VocabularyandStructure8Self-evaluation7Grammar9AGlimpseoftheGreatestBuildings10
Task
TaskLookatthefollowingbuildingsandchoosewhatkindsofbuildingmaterialsareused.TimberSteelSteelMasonryConcreteTimberETFEmembrane
MasonryETFEmembraneConcreteSteelMasonryConcreteTimberETFEmembrane
ReadingATask1TextTask2Task3Task4
ReadingATask1Beforereadingthepassage,seehowmuchyouknowaboutbuildingmaterialsbyansweringthefollowingquestions.1.Whatarenaturalbuildingmaterialsandsyntheticbuildingmaterials?2.Whataregreenbuildingmaterials?
ReadingATheChoiceofBuildingMaterialsChoosingdifferentbuildingmaterialsfortheparticularbuildingapplicationisachoicethedesignersmustmake.Naturalmaterials,suchaswood,stone,andmudbrick,aretheoldestbuildingmaterialsbutnewlymanufacturedmaterials,suchashard-burntbricksandironproducts,areconstantlybeingdeveloped.
ReadingABuildingmaterialsmusthavecertainphysicalpropertiestobestructurallyuseful.Primarily,theymustbeabletocarryaload,orweight,withoutanypermanentchangeofshape.Asecondimportantpropertyofabuildingmaterialisitsstiffness.
ReadingAFitnessfortheintendedpurposeremainstheprimecriterion,butthecostisoftenadeterminingfactor.Thus,thecommonpracticeofreplacingnaturalstonewithbrickandconcreteisbecauseoftheirlowercost.
ReadingAWhilechoosingmaterials,theconcernaboutreducingtheamountofenergyrequiredforheatingandcoolingbuildings,andalsoapreferenceformaterialsandbuildingmanufacturingprocessesthatrequireaslittleenergyaspossiblearemajorconsiderations.Relativelycheaprawmaterialsmaybeexpensivetoform.Forexample,thecostofthestoneusedinbuildingstodayismainlythecostoflabor.Incontrast,con