维普资讯
·24·
史学月刊2006年第l2期
明代科举各级考试的规模及其录取率
郭培贵
(辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院，辽宁大连116029)
[关键词]明代；科举考试；规模；录取率
[摘要]明中叶后，各省直的科考规模在四五千人至数万人之间，平均录取率估计在10上下。乡试
录取率，明初一般在10上下；成、弘间定为5．9；嘉靖末年叉降为3．3；而实际录取率又低于此。会试
录取率，自洪武至万历中平均为8．6；其中，洪武至永乐二年平均为21．7，永乐四年至万历中期平均为
8+4殿试规模和录取数在理论上皆等于同科会试录取数。永乐二年后，明廷共在51科14938名二、三
甲进士中考选了1277名庶吉士，平均录取率为8．55。上述录取率，都是在朝廷调控下形成的，并非完
全自由竞争的结果。而之所以进行调控，又是由官缺的有限性和科举取士用途的单一性矛盾造成的。
[中图分类号]K248；D691+3=48[文献标识码]A[文章编号]0583—0214(2006)12—0024—08
TheScaleofDifferentLevelImperialExaminations
intheMingDynastyanditsEnrollmentRate
GUOPeigui
(CollegeofHistoricalCultureandTourism，LiaoningNormalUniversity，Dalian116029，Liaoning，China)
Keywords：Mingdynasty~Chinasimperialexaminations；scale；enrollmentrate
Abstract：AfterthemiddleoftheMingDynasty，thescaleoftheKe~kaowasbetween4or5thousandandtensofthou—
sandsofpeopleineachprovince。itsaverageenrollmentratewasestimatedabout10．Theenrollmentrateofthe
Xiang-shiwasusuallyabout10inthebeginningoftheMingDynasty，DuringtheperiodoftheCheng-Hong，theen—
rollmentratewasstipulated5．9；inthelastyearoftheJiaJing，itwasstipulated3．3again；actualenrollmentrate
waslowerthantheone．TheaverageenrollmentrateoftheHuishiwas8．6，fromtheperiodoftheHong-Wutothe
middleoftheWan—li；amongthem，21．7fromthetheHongWutotheyear2oftheYongLe，and8．4fromthe
year4oftheYong-LetothemiddleoftheWan-li．ThescaleandenrollmentamountoftheDian-shiwasequaltothe
Hui—shithatyearintheory．Aftertheyear2oftheYong-Ie，theMinggovernmentselected1277Shu-ji—shifrom14938
secondandthird-classiin-shiof51theDian-shi。theaverageenrollmentratewas8．55．Theabove-mentionedenroll—
mentrateallwasformulatedundertheregulationofthe