食品安全民事公益诉讼中惩罚性赔偿适用问题研究
摘要
随着国家大力加强食品安全保障工作的政策性推进，我国的惩罚性赔偿
制度在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的支撑作用日益增强。食品安全民事公益诉
讼的首要功能是遏止、防范危害食品安全的违法经营行为，以避免对广大不
特定消费者造成身体健康等侵害。当前的食品安全民事公益诉讼中，适用惩
罚性赔偿存在的起诉主体资格不明、惩罚性赔偿计算标准不统一、资金归属
与管理不明等问题，依然可以拷问当下。究其原因，主要在于惩罚性赔偿相
关立法缺失、法律规定过于分散，且缺乏民事公益诉讼中惩罚性赔偿的专门
性规定，导致现阶段裁判法官适用困难。以困境为引，从补充完善惩罚性赔
偿的具体规定出发，明确适用的请求权基础，厘正计算基数、系数、最高额
三方面的计算标准，以设立专项基金、拟定使用规则的方式细化归属与管理。
同时，必须健全惩罚性赔偿同行刑衔接机制，提高司法治理效能。立足构建
惩罚性赔偿制度适用新发展，不断发挥惩罚性赔偿在食品安全民事公益诉讼
中的价值。
关键词：食品安全；民事公益诉讼；惩罚性赔偿金
I
STUDYONTHEAPPLICATIONOF
PUNITIVEDAMAGESINFOODSAFETY
CIVILPUBLICINTERESTLITIGATION
ABSTRACT
Alongwiththestrengtheningofthecountryspolicypromotionoffoodsafety,
ourpunitivecompensationsystemhasanincreasinglysupportiveroleinfood
safetycivilpublicinterestlitigation.Theprimaryfunctionoffoodsafetycivil
publicinterestlitigationistocurbandpreventillegalbusinessbehaviorsthat
endangerfoodsafety,soastoavoidtheharmtothehealthofthemajorityof
unspecifiedconsumers.Inthecurrentfoodsafetycivilpublicinterestlitigation,the
existingproblemsofapplyingpunitivedamages,suchasunclearqualificationof
prosecutionsubjects,inconsistentcalculationstandardsofpunitivedamages,and
unclearownershipandmanagementoffunds,canstillbequestioned.Themain
reasonliesinthelackofrelevantlegislationonpunitivedamages,thescattered
legalprovisions,andthelackofspecializedprovisionsonpunitivedamagesin
civilpublicinterestlitigation,whichleadstothedifficultyofapplicationbyjudges
atthepresentstage.Takingthepredicamentasareference,startingfromthe
supplementandperfectionofthespecificprovisionsofpunitivedamages,thebasis
ofapplicableclaimsisclearlydefined,thecalculationcriteriaofcalculationbase,
coefficientandmaximumamountarecorrected,andtheattributionand
managementarerefinedbysettingupspecialfundsanddrawinguprulesofuse.At
thesametime,w