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四川省规模化生猪养殖场水污染防治调查研究
王志凯1赖长渺1古腾2
(1.四川省生态环境科学研究院,四川成都610041;2.四川省环保科技工程有限责任公司,四川成都610045)
摘要:为了掌握四川省生猪养殖水污染防治及废水处理现状,在充分开展文献调研的基础上,选取四川省21个市(州)的
70个生猪养殖大县(市、区)的131个规模化生猪养殖场开展调研,利用调研数据进行分析。研究显示:2011一2021年间,四川省
生猪养殖场较多,阿坝、攀枝花、甘孜较少;2011一2021年间,四川省生猪养殖重心变化不明显,整体呈向东、向南发展趋势;2021
年四川省生猪养殖分别产生C0Dc、总氮、氨氮、总磷312.02万,29.10万,3.90万,4.48万t。现场调研发现,四川省生猪养殖场主
要采用水泡粪清粪工艺,废水产生量夏季高于冬季,原水中主要污染物CODc、氨氮、总磷、总氮最高浓度分别可达47600,3280,
1610,4170mg/L,废水经物理、生物、物化、生态工艺组合处理后,主要作为液肥或水资源还田,全省仅2家养殖场废水采用间接
排放,其余养殖场处理后的废水均还田利用。四川省生猪养殖水污染防治情况总体较好,处理后的废水以还田利用为主,废水深度
处理和排放仍处于探索阶段。
关键词:生猪养殖;水污染防治;废水处理;四川
Abstract:Inordertounderstandthepresentsituationofwaterpollutionpreventionandwastewatertreatmentofpig
breedinginSichuan,onthebasisoffullliteratureresearch,131large-scalepigfarmsin70pigbreedingcountiesin
21citiesinSichuanProvincewereselectedtocarryoutresearch,andtheresearchdatawereusedforanalysis.During
2011-2021,therangeofpigbreedingstockinSichuanwasbetween21.9365to33.6558million.In2019,affected
byAfricanswinefever,thestockreachedthelowest.In2021,Yibin,NanchongandMianyangcitieshadthemost
large-scalepigfarms,whileAba,PanzhihuaandGanzicitieshadtheleast.During2011-2021,thecenterofgravity
ofpigbreedinginSichuandidnotchangesignificantly,andtheoveralldevelopmenttrendwastotheeastandsouth.In
2021,3.1202milliontonsofC0Dcr,0.2910milliontonsoftotalnitrogen,39000tonsofammonianitrogenand
44800tonsoftotalphosphoruswereproducedbypigbreedinginSichuan.Accordingtothefieldinvestigation,
faeces-in-waterwasmainlyusedformanurecleaningbylarge-scalepigbreedinginSichuan.Theoutputofwastewater
washigherinsummerthaninwinter.ThemaximumconcentrationsofCODcr,ammonia