2025届高考语法易错点09主谓一致和特殊句式
目录
一、主谓一致三大黄金法则
1.语法一致原则(形式优先)
2.意义一致原则(语义优先)
3.就近/就远原则(位置决定)
二、特殊句式四大核心考点
1.倒装句(完全倒装部分倒装)
2.强调句(Itis...that...)
3.省略句
4.Therebe句型延伸考点
三、高考解题三步法
Step1:抓主干,定主语
Step2:判原则,选谓语
Step3:验句式,排干扰
四、高考真题高频陷阱突破
1.主谓一致经典陷阱
2.特殊句式命题规律
五、实战演练
(一)高考练场
(二)模拟训练
一、主谓一致三大黄金法则
1.语法一致原则(形式优先):谓语的单复数形式必须与主语的形式严格匹配。
单数主语:不定代词(each/everyone/somebody);动名词/不定式/从句作主语;“the+形容词”表抽象概念量,谓语动词用单数,表群体时谓语动词用复数。
复数主语:某些形单意复名词(police/cattle等);“both...and...”连接的并列主语。
①抽象概念作主语(需特别注意识别):
Thewidespreaduseofsmartphoneshasfundamentallyaltered?humancommunicationpatterns.
Analyzingbigdatarequires?sophisticatedalgorithmsandpowerfulcomputingresources.
②特殊结构中的主语判定:
Whatreallymatters?inthissituation?is?theCEO’sfinaldecision.(主语从句)
Tocompletesuchacomplexprojectwithinthreemonthsseems?unrealistic.(不定式短语)
③形复意单名词陷阱:
Thelatestnewsaboutthebreakthroughinquantumcomputingis?spreadingrapidly.
Measles,thoughpreventablebyvaccine,?remains?athreatinsomeregions.
【易错警示】
Thecriteriaforselection?are?(非is)strictlyfollowedbythecommittee.
Thedata?show?(非shows)asignificantcorrelationbetweenthevariables.
2.意义一致原则(语义优先)
集体名词(family/team/class)的谓语选择:强调整体→单数;强调成员→复数(Myfamily?is/?are...)
真题陷阱:集合名词无复数形式(people/police永远用复数)
数量短语:anumberof+复数名词→复数;thenumberof+复数名词→单数;分数/百分数+of+名词→由名词决定(60%ofstudents?are...)
【深度解析】
①集体名词的英美差异:
Theboard?is?unanimousinitsdecision.(美式)
Theboard?are?dividedintheiropinions.(英式)
②数量表达的特殊情况:
Threequartersoftheearthssurfaceis?coveredbywater.
Oneinfivestudentssuffers?fromtestanxiety.(强调个体)
③复合主语的语义判断:
Lawandorder?is?thefoundationofastablesociety.(视为单一概念)
Thepoetandnovelist?has?justpublishedanewwork.(同一人)
3.就近/就远原则(结构优先)
就近原则(谓语与最近主语一致):or/either...or/neither...nor/notonly...butalso;Therebe句型(There?is?abookandtwopens...)
就远原则(谓语与第一个主语一致):with/aswellas/alongwith/togetherwith
插入语不影响主语(Theteacher,likehisstudents,?is...)
【复杂结构辨析