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文体3说明文·顺序先后须厘清

【考向研析】

考向1

时态

通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明,与时间的变化关系不大,文章常用现在时态

考向2

语言

主要是帮助读者认清事物、明白事理,所以语言简练、平实、易于理解,内容客观真实,很少含有带感情的词汇

考向3

主题

在文章开头就点明说明对象,从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰、层次分明

【真题研磨】

【典例展示】(2022·全国乙卷改编)

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout__1__someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.?

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably__2__athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies__3__.?

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas__4__asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour__5__researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology__6__thatidea.?

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2—4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each__7__satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor__8__.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould__9__orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesamethinghappenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:Nowchildrensaidthattheycouldn’t__10__toher.?

Anumberofexperimentsruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects__11__thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.Their__12__tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue__13__that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimplyinsistonmutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our__14__suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod__15__whenothersuseit.?

1.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

2.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick

3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced

4.A.supported B.guar