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2025北京高三(上)期末英语汇编
阅读理解C篇
一、阅读理解
(2025北京朝阳高三上期末)Accordingtoanideacalledthe“inflationary(暴胀的)multiverse”,theuniversehasbeenconstantlyexpanding,whichwouldhavecreatedacountlessnumberofotheruniverses.Collectively,thesecosmicislandsformwhatscientistscalla“multiverse”.However,otheruniversesmayliebeyondourscientificreach,physicallyandphilosophically.Consequently,themethodologiesbywhichphysicistsmightvalidate(验证)themultiverseandwhethersuchvalidationisevenpossibleremainunresolvedinquiries.
Inscience,hypotheses(假说)areusedtoproposeexplanations,butfromhypothesestotheories,validationofpredictionsisessentialtoseewhetherinitialassumptionsaresupportedordisproved.TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,“Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.”Rovelliadds,“Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedpreviously,anditisnotworkingnow.”Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.
Now,physicistsaredebatingwhetherthatproblemmovesthemultiversefromphysicstometaphysics,fromtheworldofsciencetothatofphilosophy.PhilosopherRichardDawidbelievesscientistscouldsupportthemultiversehypotheseswithoutactuallyfindingphysicalsupport.“Ifwehaveatheorythatseemstowork,andhavecomeupwithnothingthatworksbetter,chancesareourideaisright,”hesays.Noteveryoneissocheerful,though.SabineHossenfelder,anothertheoreticalphysicist,thinks“Withoutmakingcontactwithobservation,atheoryisn’tpartofthenaturalsciences,andnotphysics.”
Somesupportersofthemultiverseclaimtheyhavefoundphysicalevidence.AndreiLindeinsists“Ouruniverseseemsfine-tuned(精调的)tobefavourabletolife,withafour-dimensionalspac