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摘要
随着水果罐头产量的增长，其生产废水的高有机物含量及复杂成分对水环境构成严峻挑战。此类废水富含甾醇、纤维素、混合果葡糖、NH~3~-N、SS等污染物，导致COD与BOD显著升高，亟需高效经济的处理技术以实现水资源可持续利用。本研究针对水果罐头废水特性，提出“厌氧-好氧”多级处理工艺，并结合物理预处理与生化处理，重点采用传统曝气法优化污染物有效去除。设计进水水质为COD=2000mg/L、BOD=800mg/L、SS=600mg/L、NH3-N=120mg/L、TP=30、pH=6-8。通过格栅、沉砂池、调节池、辐流式沉淀池及曝气池等主体构筑物处理。曝气工艺通过调控溶解氧与间歇曝气，有效去除COD、BOD~5~、SS、N、P等污染物。运行结果表明，出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）二级标准，其中COD＜150mg/L、BOD~5~＜30mg/L、氨氮＜25mg/L、TP＜1mg/L、pH7~8，处理成本为1.83元/吨。本研究验证了传统曝气法在处理高浓度有机废水中的经济性与可行性，为水果罐头废水处理厂的工程设计提供了可靠参考，对推动行业可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词：水果罐头生产废水；曝气处理工艺；纤维化合物；厌氧-好氧工艺
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Abstract
Withtheincreaseincannedfruitproduction,thehighorganiccontentandcomplexcompositionofitswastewaterposeaseverechallengetothewaterenvironment.Thistypeofwastewaterisrichinpollutantssuchassterols,cellulose,mixedpectin,NH3~-N,SS,etc.,whichsignificantlyincreaseCODandBOD.Efficientandeconomicaltreatmenttechnologiesareurgentlyneededtoachievesustainableutilizationofwaterresources.Thisstudyproposesamulti-stagetreatmentprocessofanaerobicaerobicbasedonthecharacteristicsofcannedfruitwastewater,combinedwithphysicalpretreatmentandbiochemicaltreatment,withafocusonoptimizingpollutantremovalefficiencyusingtraditionalaerationmethod.ThedesignedinletwaterqualityisCOD=2000mg/LBOD=800mg/L、SS=600mg/L，NH3-N=120mg/L、TP=30.Treatmentiscarriedoutthroughmainstructuressuchasgrilles,sedimentationtanks,regulatingtanks,radialflowsedimentationtanks,andaerationtanks.TheaerationprocesseffectivelyremovespollutantssuchasCOD,BOD-5~,SS,N,P,etc.byregulatingdissolvedoxygenandintermittentaeration.TheoperationresultsshowthattheeffluentqualitymeetsthesecondlevelstandardoftheComprehensiveWastewaterDischargeStandard(GB8978-1996),withCOD150mg/LBOD~5~＜30mg/L、Ammonianitrogen25mg/LTP＜1mg/L、pH7~8，Theprocessingcostis1.83yuan/ton.Thisstudyverifiesth