Unit12CohesiveDevices(2):LexicalCohesion写作教程3“十二五”普通高等教育本科国家级规划教材”新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）第3版

IntroductionAllgoodwritersthinkhardabouthowtomakesolidconnectionsamongthedifferentideasandpartsoftheiressays.Inrelatingthepartsofyouressaysmoreclosely,theycannotmerelyrelyongrammaticaldevices.Theyshouldalsoseeklexicalcohesionwhichisanessentialtechniqueforthesmoothflowoftheideasandpointsinanessay.Lexicalcohesionreferstothecoherenceofatextformedbytheuseofrepetition,synonyms,antonyms,superordinates/hyponyms,generalwords,andrelatedwords.Forclarification,weorganizetheselexicalitemsusedforcohesionintotwomajorgroupsinthisunit:reiterationandcollocation.What’smore,aspecialkindoflexicalcohesion—parallelism—isalsodiscussed.Whateverdeviceswechoose,grammaticalorlexical,weshouldmakesurethatweuseproperdevicesinpropersituations.Onlyinthiswaycanwecreatesmoothbutnotchoppyflowofthoughts,andmakethepointsmeaningfultothereaders.2

QA01QuestionWhatdidRingLardnerprobablymeanwhenhesaid“Starttowrite,andletonethingleadtoanother.”Lardner’squoteurgeswriterstostartwithanidea,letwritingflownaturally,andallowideastodevelop.Itencouragesspontaneityandtrustingthecreativeprocessforricherwork.3Starttowrite,andletonethingleadtoanother.RingLardner(1885-1933)Referenceanswer

QA02QuestionHowcanweeffectivelyhighlightandemphasisethekeypoints?Useconcisedeclarativesentences.Repeatkeywordsandphrases.Useofemphasis.Useprosesentences.Emphasisekeypointsbysummarisingorreviewing.4ReferenceanswerIfyouhaveanimportantpointtomake,don’ttrytobesubtleorclever.Useapiledriver.Hitthepointonce.Thencomebackandhititagain.Thenhititathirdtime—atremendouswhack.WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)

QA03QuestionWhatistheimportanceofknowingandfollowingtheru