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高中英语重点语法知识梳理
一、词法核心考点
1.时态与语态
(1)时态重点
现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+现在分词(强调动作持续到现在并可能继续)例:ShehasbeenstudyingEnglishfor5years.过去将来时would+动词原形(从过去视角看将来)
例:Hesaidhewouldvisitmethenextday.时态辨析现在完成时vs一般过去时:是否对现在有影响。例:Ihaveseenthefilm./Isawityesterday.
过去完成时vs一般过去时:动作先后顺序。例:By2020,hehadgraduated./Hegraduatedin2018.
(2)被动语态进阶
含情态动词的被动:情态动词+be+过去分词
例:Thetaskmustbefinishedtoday.特殊结构:get+过去分词(表动作结果,如getmarried)
2.?非谓语动词(高考高频)
不定式(todo):表目的、将来
例:Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)动名词(doing):表习惯、主动
例:Swimmingisgoodforhealth.(主语)分词(doing/done)现在分词(doing):主动/进行例:Thecryingbabyismysister.过去分词(done):被动/完成例:Thebrokencupneedstobereplaced.固定搭配接todo:decidetodo,hopetodo接doing:enjoydoing,avoiddoing两者均可:remembertodo(记得去做)/rememberdoing(记得做过)
3.?情态动词
推测用法:肯定推测:mustmaymight例:Hemustbeathome.否定推测:can’t(不可能)vsmaynot(可能不)
例:Thelightisoff.Hecan’tbeintheroom.虚拟用法shouldhavedone(本应该做却没做)
例:Youshouldhavetoldmeearlier.
二、句法核心考点
1.?复合句(三大从句)
(1)定语从句
关系词选择:人:who/whom/that(作宾语可省)物:which/that(作宾语可省)时间/地点/原因:when/where/why(=介词+which)
例:Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwemet.(地点)非限制性定语从句用which/who,逗号隔开,不可用that
例:Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting.
(2)名词性从句
引导词功能:陈述句:that(无实义,宾语从句可省)
例:Ibelieve(that)heishonest.一般疑问句:whether/if(是否)
例:Iwonderwhether/ifhewillcome.特殊疑问句:what/who/where等(保留疑问含义)
例:Whathesaidsurprisedme.易错点主语从句中,that不可省;whether可接todo,if不可。
(3)状语从句
分类与连接词:时间:when,while,as,until条件:if,unless,aslongas让步:though/although,evenif,nomatter+疑问词
例:Althoughheispoor,heishappy.
2.?特殊句型
倒装句部分倒装:否定词(never,seldom)、only+状语、so/such...that开头
例:NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulview.完全倒装:here/there/now+谓语+主语(例:Herecomesthebus!)强调句Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...
例:ItwasintheparkthatIlostmywallet.虚拟语气对现在:if+主语+did(be用were),主语+would/could+do
例:IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.对过去:if+主语+haddone,主语+