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英语名词复数变化及发音规则
?一般在词尾加－s.?
一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，
在清辅音后面读成[s]，
在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，
在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。?
如：cups???杯子????、??????days???日子??????、???hands??手??、hats????帽子?
2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]?
如：classes?班级????????????????buses??公共汽车????boxes???盒子???????????????????????watches??手表?
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz]。?
如：boy-boys??男孩???、army-armies??军队?、story-stories??故事、??
factory-factories??工厂????????????baby-babies???宝贝?
4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]。?
如：kilo-kilos??公里??????????photo-photos??照片??tobacco-tobaccos??烟草??????piano-pianos???钢琴?以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。?zoo-zoos??动物园?????????????radio-radios??收音机?
少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。?
如：tomato-tomatoes??西红柿???hero-heroes??英雄????potato-potatoes??土豆?
5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s]。?
leaf-leaves??树叶?????thief-thieves??小偷????????wife-wives??妻子??????????????knife-knives??小刀??????????shelf-shelves??架子?
6、不规则名词的复数形式。?
(1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。?
man-men??男子???????????????woman-women??女人???????????foot-feet??脚???goose-geese??鹅????????????????
tooth-teeth???牙齿??????????mouse-mice??老鼠????child-children??小孩?????(2)单数形式与复数形式相同???sheep-sheep??绵羊????????????????deer-deer??鹿Chinese-Chinese??中国人???????Japanese-Japanese??日本人?
动词后加－ing的规则
英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing
构成：cough—coughing，climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting?
2．以-e结尾的动词?
（1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing：
?write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，plane—planing，have—having，save—saving，?produce—producing，?breathe—breathing?
（2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing：?die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying?
（3）以-ee，－oe，－ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e：?see—seeing，flee—fleeing，free—freeing，agree—agreeing，hoe—hoeing，?dye—dyeing，eye—eyeing?
（4）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing：?
sue—suing，imbue—imbuing，construe—construing，pursue—pursuing，?rue—ruing?
有时，词尾e可去掉也可保留：?
glue—gluing或?glueing，cue—cuing或?cueing，?blue—blueing或?bluing，?
true—truing或trueing，clue—clueing或cluing?
3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词?
（1）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后