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合花生收获机的设计与实现
Designandimplementationofacombinedpeanutharvester
摘要
小型联合型花生收获机将两垄花生的藤、荚果和土壤同时犁起，在联合收获系统的作业下，将实现土壤的粉碎、果与藤的分离，在经过清选部件之后，实现花生的完整收获。完整的收获过程为：花生藤的分离扶起，犁耕，取果，土壤粉碎，果藤输送，荚果清选，集果。
根据花生生长的特点和收获技术的要求，小型花生联合收获机具有系统结构精确紧密、机器重量较轻、分离性能好的特点。采用八面碎土齿，首次破碎土壤块时便可使土壤破碎率达75%以上，再经过二次粉碎后，可实现土壤的完全细化。花生荚果被五个抛土轮从土壤中分离出来，摘果刀的刀刃将花生藤与荚果实分离，被传输轮拾取的藤条被收集，由机尾的出藤口排出。花生分离清选出后的果实直接落入荚果收集箱。收获后的花生由于清洁度高可以直接晾晒干燥、转运储存。
由于设计的机械系统较为精简，机器的造价成本的低廉，该花生联合收获机械适合小型家庭农场化的花生种植收获的农业生产，其作业效率与以往的人工采收相比有了显著的提升。
关键词：联合收获；低耗高效；分离彻底；低成本
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ABSTRACT
Thesmallcombinedpeanutharvestersimultaneouslyploughsthevines,podsandsoiloftworidgepeanuts.Undertheoperationofthecombinedharvestingsystem,thecommunicationofthesoilandtheseparationofthefruitandthevinewillbeachieved.Afterthecomponentshavebeenselected,thepeanutswillbeobtained.Completeharvest.Thecompleteharvestingprocessisasfollows:separationandpromotionofpeanutvines,plowing,fruitharvesting,soilsmashing,fruitvinetransport,podselection,fruitcollection.
Accordingtothecharacteristicsofpeanutgrowthandtherequirementsofharvestingtechnology,thesmallpeanutcombineharvesterhasthecharacteristicsofpreciseandcompactsystemstructure,lightermachineweightandgoodseparationperformance.Theuseofeight-facedsoilscraperscanresultinasoilcrushingrateofmorethan70%whenthesoilblocksarebrokenforthefirsttime.Afterthesecondarycrushing,completesoilrefinementcanbeachieved.Peanutpodswereseparatedfromthesoilbyfivethrowingwheels.Thebladesofthepickingknifeseparatedthepeanutvinesfromthepods.Therattanpickedupbythetransmissionwheelwascollectedanddischargedfromthetailofthetail.Thefruitthatisseparatedfromthepeanutsisdirectlydroppedintothepodcollectionbox.Thepeanutsharvestedcanbedirectlydried,transported,andstoredforcleanliness.
Sincethedesignedmechanicalsystemisrelativelysimplean