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纯电动四驱乘用车变速器设计
摘要
纯电动汽车相对普通燃油汽车更加清洁高效的优点,使得其正逐步取代传统燃油汽车,但目前市面上大多数纯电动车采用的是单级减速器,并没有配备变速器,使其在传动比的选择方面受到一定限制,既要考虑最高车速,又要兼顾加速时间与爬坡度等问题,使其在动力性与能量利用率方面有一定程度的减小。因此,通过在纯电动汽车上采用变速器来提高纯电动车的动力性及相应工况下的能量利用率,以此提高电动车动力性,续航里程,并适当降低电动机与电池成本是十分必要的。
本文结合纯电动车发展现状与现有变速器结构类型特点,结合纯电动车特点对变速器的主体部分进行设计计算,并对其关键零件如轴体,齿轮等进行校核计算,确保变速器的设计满足相应要求。并利用ANSYS进行了一档行驶时齿面接触应力的静力学分析,验证计算准确性,研究其在啮合过程中应力变化规律,并对输入轴进行了自由状态下与约束状态下的模态分析,在确保不会因变速器齿轮啮合而产生共振的基础上,对两者的差异与共同点进行了比较分析,对轴类零件的模态分析有一定的参考意义。
关键词:纯电动汽车;变速器;静力学分析;模态分析
Abstract
Fullelectricvehiclesisrelativelycommonfuelcarscleanertheadvantagesofhighefficiency,makeitsgraduallyreplacetraditionalfuelcars,butcurrentlyonthemarketmostofthepureelectricvehiclesusingisasinglestagereducer,isnotequippedwiththetransmission,inthetransmissionratioislimitedbyacertainchoice,shouldnotonlyconsiderthehighestspeed,andaccelerationtimeandgiveattentiontotwoormorethingsgradability,makeitspowerperformanceandenergyefficiencyinacertaindegreeofreduced.Therefore,itisverynecessarytoimprovethepowerperformanceofpureelectricvehiclesandtheenergyutilizationrateunderthecorrespondingworkingconditionsbyusingtransmissioninthepureelectricvehicles,soastoimprovethepowerperformanceofelectricvehicles,therangeofdrivingrange,andappropriatelyreducethecostofelectricmotorsandbatteries.
Inthispaper,thedevelopmentstatusofpureelectricvehicleandthecharacteristicsoftheexistingtransmissionstructuretype,combinedwiththecharacteristicsofpureelectricvehicletothetransmissionofthemainpartofthedesignandcalculation,anditskeypartssuchasshaft,gearcheckcalculation,toensurethatthetransmissiondesigntomeetthecorrespondingrequirements.AndadrivingisstudiedbyusingANSYS,staticsanalysisoftoothsurfacecontactstress,thenumericalaccuracy,andtostudythestressvariationlawintheprocessofmeshing,a