上消化道出血中山大学附属第一医院*简介上消化道出血:Treitz韧带以上的消化道引起的出血:食管,胃,十二指肠,胰,胆,胃空肠吻合术后的空肠病变下消化道出血:Treitz韧带以下的消化道引起的出血上消化道出血引起的大量出血较下消化道更为常见大量出血:短期内失血超过1000ml或循环血量20%*常见病因消化性溃疡(十二指肠和胃)33-51%食管和胃静脉曲张23-33%Mallory-Weiss综合征 3-10%胃或十二指肠糜烂 1-19%血管瘤 0-7%肿瘤 1-5%*Withtheinvertedgastroscopeaspurtinghemorrhagefromafundalvariceisdiscerbnable.HemostasisisachievedwithseverallowvolumeinjectionsofHistoacryl-glue.Therightpictureshowsthetherapeuticsuccess.*Therearebloodcoverederrosionsthroughoutthewholestomach.ThishasledtoaupperGIhemorrhagecompromisingthepatienthemodynamically.Thesolereasonwasasingleingestionof400mgofibuprofen*Thismassivevesselwithactivebleedingwasdiagnosedina58year-oldpatient,whopresentedwithtarystools.Thefirstpictureshowsthelesionafterinjectionoffibringlue.Therightpictureshowsadditionallyappliedhemoclips.Bleedingstoppedattheendoftheprocedure,butreccurredtwicebeforethepatienthadtobetreatedsurgically.Indieu-la-foyulcersanarterialvesselofabnormalsizereachesthemucosacausingatinyulzerationbypermanentcompressionofthemucosallayer.*EsophagealvaricesgradeII(right)undgradeIII(left).Cherryredspotsaresignsofimminenthemorrhage(right).Theycorrespondtoareasofespeciallythinandalteredvaricealwall.*Thisduodenalulcerattheleftedgeofthefigure,showsanoozing,activebleeding.AccordingtotheForrestclassificationofgastrointestinalhemorrhageoftheupperGI-tract,thisbleedingisgradedasForrestIb.Thevisiblevesselistreatedbyprimaryapplicationofahemoclip.Atthe3weekfollow-up(fig)theClipisstillintheoriginalposition.Theulcershowsaprogressivehealing.*Inoperablecholedochalcancer.Awallstenthadbeeninserted3monthsearlier.Thepatientwasadmitte