专题10阅读理解应用文

1.（2025年全国高考一卷）

Thegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobiles

MovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.

Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.

PLANES—Synthetichydrocarbons

Thehardestsectortodecarbonizeisaviation.Onelong-termoptionforsustainablefuelforplanesistomakehydrocarbonsfromrecycledair.

CARS—Batteries

Batteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.

TRAINS—Electricity

Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.

TRUCKS—Hydrogen

fuelcells

Hydrogenfuelcellsarealighterchoicethanbatteriesfortrucks,butmakinggreenhydrogenisexpensive.

SHIPS—Liquidammonia

Liquidammoniaiseasytokeepandtransport,butitishardtoignite(点燃)andrequiresanengineredesign.

Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.

18.Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccount