仪器分析英文
Chapter1.IntroductionAnalyticalChemistry:determiningthechemicalcompositionofsamplesofmatter.Qualitativeanalysis:identifyoffunctionalgroups,oratomic,molecularstructureofanalyte(what?)Quantitativeanalysis:amountofanalyte(howmuch?)
1.1Classicalmethods(Chemicalanalysis)Qualitativeanalysis:AnalytesProductsrecognizedyieldtreatedwithreagentsColorsBoiling(melting)pointsSolubilitiesOdorsOpticalactivitiesRefractiveindexesQuantitativeanalysis:gravimetric;titrimetric§1.Classificationofanalyticalmethods
1.2Instrumentalmethods(Instrumentalanalysis)Earlyin20thcenturyMeasurementsofphysical(chemical)propertiesofanalytes:-conductivity;electrodepotential;lightabsorption(emission);mass-to-chargeratio;fluorescenceHighlyefficientchromatographicandelectrophoretictechniquesreplacedDistillation,extraction,precipitationa.Developmentofinstrumentsandcomputerb.Developmentofseparationmethodsc.classificationofinstrumentalanalysisOpticalAnalysis(spectrometry);ElectrochemicalAnalysis;Chromatography……………
§2typesofinstrumentalmethodsChemical(physical)characteristicsEmissionofradiationAbsorptionofradiationScatteringofradiationDiffractionofradiationRotationofradiationElectricalpotentialElectricalchargeElectricalcurrentElectricalresistanceMassMass-to-chargeratioRateofreactionThermalcharacteristicsRadioactivityInstrumentalmethodsEmissionspectroscopy,fluorescence,phosphorescence,luminescenceAbsorptionspectroscopyRamanspectroscopyX-RaydiffractionCirculardichroismPotentiometry,chronopotentiometryCoulometryAmperometry,polarographyConductometryQuartzcrystalmicrobalanceMassspectrometryKineticmethodsThermalgravimetryandtitrimetryActivationandisotopedilutionmethods
§3InstrumentsforanalysismanipulatedandinterpretedbyhumanOverallprocessofinstrumentalmeasurementDatadomain:wayofencodinganalyticalresponseinelectricalornonelectricalsignals(