-IN–Verb+in(combiningformofadv.in)a.?meaning“protestingagainstracialdiscrimination”e.g,sit-in(参加),ride-in(insegregatedbus),swimming-inb.meaning“anykindofpublicdemonstration”e.g.,lie-in(lyingdownofagroupofpeopleinapublicplacetodisrupttrafficasaformofprotest),smoke-in(agatheringtosmokemarijuana大麻asademonstrationforlegalizingtheiruse)c.meaning“anykindofsocialgathering”e.g.,sing-in(musicalactinwhichaudiencejoinsinthesinging),drop-in(aninformalsocialgatheringatwhichguestsareinvitedtovisitanytime)d.noneoftheabovee.g.,drive-in第61页，共97页，星期日，2025年，2月5日-ISH–adj.-formingsuffixa.nationalnames+ish=adj.e.g.,Swedish,Turkish,Englishb.meaning“havingthenatureof”e.g.,snobbish(势利的),foolishc.meaning“somewhat”e.g.,reddish,greenish,brownishd.adj+ish;numerals+ishe.g.,tallish(稍高的),shortish(稍短的);sixtyish,(about60yearsold)Eightish(about8o’clock)第62页，共97页，星期日，2025年，2月5日-IZE–fr.Gk,verb-formingsuffixadj.+ize=verb,tr.meaning“tocausetobe”,“tomake”e.g.,civilize,centralize,equalizesocialize,naturalize(使入国籍,移植)globalizenoun+ize=verb,tr.symbolize,characterizeliquidize,materialize第63页，共97页，星期日，2025年，2月5日-Y–adj.formingsuffixa.noun+y=adj.meaning“fullof,characterizedby”(colloquial)e.g.,bossy,chancy(uncertain,risky),cushy(veryeasypleasant;needinglittleornoeffort),trendy(fashionable)b.verb+y=adj.meaning“havingatendencyto,inclinedto“e.g.,sleepy,stretchy(有弹性的)第64页，共97页，星期日，2025年，2月5日Therearequiteanumberofdifferentsuffixeswhichconveysubtlenuancesofmeaning.Itisindispensablefornon-nativelearnerstolearnthem,sincetheirrightus