平行构造
一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的构造
并列连词and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),ratherthan等以及附属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的构造。
1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致
例1:Hewentdowntown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.
例2:Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,butnotusedinwarfareuntiltwohundredyearslater.
2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致
例1:Yoursemestergradeisbasednotonlyonhowwellyoudooneachtest,butalsoonhowyouparticipateinclass.
例2:Weoftengotothecountrysideaswellastofactories.
例3:Iwouldmuchrathergotothecountrysidethanstayhere.
3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致
例1:Somefindswimmingmoreenjoyablethansittingathomereading.
例2:Hewasengagedinwritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.
4.所连接的句子构造必须一致
例1:Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenandallthatyouhavetoldhim.
例2:Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.
二、某些特定的固定构造。例如:
(1)有些词后要用平行构造。例如:
prefersthtosth
preferdoingsthtodoingsth
prefertodosthratherthandosth
1)Ipreferricetonoodles.
2)IpreferwatchingTVtolisteningtomusic.
3)Hepreferredtodieratherthansurrender.
(2)有些构造中要用平行构造。例如:
would/hadrather/soonerdosomethingthandosomething,would/hadassoondosomethingasdosomething(宁可……也不……)
1)LiuHulansaidshehadratherdiethangiveup.
2)Iwouldassoonstayathomeasgo.
III局部强调句
要强调句子的某一局部,可以把句子的构造改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:Itis/was…that…构造和What…is/was…构造。
一、Itis/was…that…构造
1.Itis/was…that…构造可以用来强调句子中几乎任何局部
例1:ItwasmymotherthatthrewaneggatMr.Liyesterday.
例2:ItwasMr.Lithatmymotherthrewaneggatyesterday.
2.被强调的局部指人时,可用who枵whom
强调主语时,如果指的是人,可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom。例如:
1〕Itwasthedeanwhowalkedby.
2〕ItwasMarywhomtheoldladymissedmost.
3被强调局部指物时,要用that
例如:ItwasaneggthatmymotherthrewatMr.Liyesterday.
4.被强调局部是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.
例1:It