Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomationPart1substationWordsandExpressionsmanualcontrolprimarygridsubstationsecondarydistributionsubstationstep-upsubstationfeederreactivepowercompensationshuntreactor

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomationshuntcapacitorsynchronouscondenserloadforecastingbusbarrelaypanelmainandtransferbusbarmeshorringsystembreakerandahalfscheme

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomationNotes1.Generaldesignsofsubstationdiffergreatly,dependingupontheconditionstobemetwithand,therefore,forEHVandHVsubstationnorulescanbelaidout.

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomation2.Inadditiontofulfillingthesefunctions,thesubstationmaybedesignedtoaccommodateovervoltageandovercurrentprotection,reliability,shielding,equipment-groundingprocedures,andsubstationcontrol.

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomation3.Theequipmentfoundinasubstationwouldincludepowerandinstrumenttransformers,lightningarresters,circuitbreakers,disconnectswitches,capacitorbanks,andacontrolhouseinwhicharelocatedthestationcontrolequipment,protectiverelays,andsoon.

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomation4.Somesubstationsmightincludemoreequipment,andsomeless,dependinguponthefunctiontheyareintendedtoperform.

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomation5.Forthedesignofasubstation,thelocationofthebusarrangementisofveryvitalimportance.Onthebasisofbusbararrangementthekeydiagramandlayoutofthesubstationisfinalized.Variousimportantbusbararrangementsarenamedbelow:i)Singlebusbarii)Mainandtransferbusbariii)Doublebusbariv)Meshorringsystembusbarv)Breakerandahalfscheme

Chap.6SubstationandItsAutomationPart2ControlFromAfarWordsandExpressionsprotocolintelligentelectronicdevice(IED)graphicaluser-interfacesupervisorycontrolanddataacquisition(SCADA)meteringself-checkanddiagnosticsremoteterminalunit(RTU)redundantProgrammabl