Week8;Outline;1TypesofWordMeaning
词义的分类;词义分类的理论依据
Wordmeaningismadeupofvariouscomponentswhichareinterrelatedandinterdependent.Thesecomponentsarecommonlydescribedastypesofmeaning.
词义由各种相互联系与相互依存的不同成分组成，这些成分就是词义的种类。;Typesof
Meaning;1.GrammaticalMeaningLexicalMeaning
语法意义词汇意义;Forexample
girls,winters,tables,joys
Wenoticethatword-forms,thoughdenotingdifferentobjectsofreality,havesomethingincommon.Thiscommonelementisthegrammaticalmeaningofplurality.;;Forexample
go,goes,went,going,gone
possessdifferentgrammaticalmeaningsoftense,person,andsoon,butineachoftheseformswefindoneandthesamesemanticcomponent.
所以，一个词在不同的语境中有不同的语法形式来表达不同的语法意义，但词汇意义却保持不变。
;2.ConceptualMeaningAssociativeMeaning
概念意义联想意义;Associativemeaningisthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaning.Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminate,liabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,etc.
联想意义是概念意义的补充意义，是次要意义。它受语言外界因素如文化、经历、宗教、地域、出身、教育等的影响而变化，所以是开放性的，是不定的。;Whatarethesourcesofassociativemeanings?;Associative
Meaning;1)ConnotativeMeaning
内涵意义;英汉词语内涵比较
动物：Dragon/dog/Peacock/magpie
自然界：westwind/moonlight/moonshine
颜色词语：red/white/black/green/blue
数字词语：13
;英语和汉语中结构相同但词义并不相同的词。
Sweetwater/anolddaughter/drygoods
whitenight/Indiansummer/guineapig
Vice-chancellor/eatone’swords
颜色词要特别注意：
白菜/白熊/白蚁/白送/白开水
白饭/红运/红榜/红利;2)StylisticMeaning
文体意义;Comparethefollowingtwogroupsofsynonyms.;3)AffectiveMeaning
情感意义;Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:
情感意义有2类：褒义和贬义
Appreciativepejorative/derogative.
Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;欣赏或肯定
Thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.否定、轻蔑或批评;little
famous
slim/slender
determined
stat