TheOneAgainsttheManyArthurM.Schlesinger,Jr.U51

2Aboutauthor:ArthurM.Schlesinger,Jr.(1917-2007):oneofAmerica‘smosteminentandcontroversialhistorians.HewasaformerHarvardprofessorandspecialassistanttoPresidentKennedy.Thehistorianwhosemorethan20booksshapeddiscussionsfortwogenerationsaboutAmerica‘spast,andwhohimselfwasaprovocative(煽动性的),unabashedly(不加掩饰的，公然的)liberalpartisan,mostnotablyinservingintheKennedyWhiteHouse,Hisbooks,includesTheAgeofRoosevelt,volumesI,IIandIII;小阿瑟·施莱辛格,美国著名历史学家和政治评论家。哈佛毕业，曾任美国总统肯尼迪的白宫特别助理，被称为“最了解罗斯福和肯尼迪时代的人”，他支持自由主义，是“美国人争取民主行动”组织的创始人之一。

3Aboutauthor:《一千天——肯尼迪在白宫》——小阿瑟·施莱辛格

4Para2：Thecountrywasblessedbynotableadvantages——aboveall,bythefactthatpopulationwasscarceinrelationtoavailableresources.Thenwecangetthatasthepopulationspreadacrossthecountry,thepercentageofarablelandincountiesclosesttothedensestpopulationsdeclined.

5Para3:Onefactorwasthedeepfaithineducation.Thehistoricalreason:ThefirstsettlersofAmericaisagroupofPuritans.Theyweremenofletters,hadattendedOxfordorCambridge,andcommunicatedwithintellectualsoverEurope.据记载，早期移民到马萨诸塞州的人当中，有超过一百个牛津、剑桥的毕业生。在到达新大陆仅仅六年之后，虽然清教徒们还在为基本的生存条件而奋斗，但是他们却克服了重重困难建立了哈佛学院。清教徒期望教会的传道人有高等的学历。今天的美国人毫无疑问地坚持了清教祖先的优良传统，非常地重视教育。所以可以说清教主义促进了最初美国教育的发展，对美国的教育产生了很大的影响。

6Para5：Self-government：Itistheprinciplethatthepeoplearetheultimatesourceofgoverningauthorityandtheirgeneralwelfareistheonlylegitimatepurposeofgovernment.Representativeinstitutions:Itisasystemofgovernmentinstitutionsthatgivecitizenstheopportunitytovoteforrepresentativeswhowillworkontheirbehalf.

7Para7：hedgehogfox——anallusionfromaGreekpoetArchilochusBasically,humanbeingsare