医学英语的特点和翻译徐育年中南大学外国语学院医学英语：学术研究初步讲稿之一**Contents1.医学英语的特点2.翻译的标准3.篇章段落的翻译练习之一**专业术语的广泛使用语法结构的特点名词和名词短语的广泛使用被动语态动词时态的相对稳定性长句和结构句的使用文章结构的相对稳定Forexample,asthmanowaffectsapproximately10%ofthepopulationofmanyWesterncountries;lungcanceristhemostcommonmalecancerandinsomeplaceshasalreadyexceededbreastcancerasthemostcommonfemalemalignancy.Tuberculosis,forsolongthestapleoftherespiratoryphysicianis,afteralongperiodofdecline,increasingagain.TherespiratorycomplicationsofHIVinfectionshaveaddedtotheburden.Increasesinpollution,newindustrialprocessesandthegrowingworldwideconsumptionoftobaccoallhaveimplicationsforthelungs.Theaveragefamilypractitioner,therefore,islikelytospendmoreoftheworkingdayexaminingtherespiratorysystemthananyother.Doesthepatientbreathemorecomfortablyincertainpositions?Canthepatientlieflatordoesheorshehavetobeproppedup?Patientswithpulmonaryoedemaandsevereairflowlimitationwillbeunabletoliedownforlongbutthenmostpatientswithbreathingdifficultyaremorecomfortablesittingup.Isbreathingaudible?Wheezeisaprolongedexpiratorynoiseoftenaudibletothepatientaswellasthedoctorandimpliesairflowlimitation.Stridorisaharsh,chieflyinspiratorynoiseandimpliesobstructioninthecentralairways.Thismaybeatlaryngeallevelwhenthevoiceisusuallyhoarsebutotherwiseimpliestrachealormajorbronchialobstruction.Inchildren,croupandforeignbodiesaretheusualcauses;inadults,carcinomaorextrinsiccompression.