医学英语翻译与写作

MedicalEnglishTranslationandwriting张晶山东大学大外部

Chapter3

EquivalenceandFlexibilityinTranslation

EquivalenceandFlexibilityinTranslation

TounderstandequivalenttranslationcorrectlyLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationConcretionandabstractionNegativetranslationandreversetranslation

EquivalentTranslationDynamicequivalenceisaqualityofatranslationinwhichthemessageoftheoriginaltexthasbeensotransportedintothereceptorlanguagethattheresponseofthereceptorisessentiallylikethatoftheoriginalreceptors.———EugeneANida,TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslationItseekstomakethesameimpactwithoutregardtotheformoftheoriginallanguage.

EquivalentTranslation“Thereisalwayssomelossinthecommunicationprocess,forsourcesandreceptorsneverhaveidenticallinguisticandculturalbackgrounds….Thetranslator’stask,however,istokeepsuchlossataminimum”(deWaardNida)

EquivalentTranslationThewomanpatienthasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.Acuteandsubacutehepaticnecrosismoreoftencomplicateshepatitisintheelderly.Theillnessquicklyrespondedtotreatment.Ifatumourispalpable,thediseaseisoftentooadvancedtobetreatedradically.

LiteraltranslationandfreetranslationMedicalscience,asabranchofscience,needsnospecialethics.Heisdead,asyoustandhere.Influenzahasbeenwithusalong,longtime.Acancerspreadsitsownseedswhichplantthemselvesinotherpartsofthebody.Theskillofthesurgeonleavesnothingtobedesired.

Concretionandabstraction

Anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.Canceroftheuterusinvolvesthebodyoftheorganinabout1in7cases.Foodsadequateinkindandamountduringthepregnantmonthsareveryimportanttothehealthofbothpresentandfuturegenerations.

NegativetranslationandreversetranslationManymildcasesareobservedinwhichfeverislowandofshortduration.Thediseasecanaffectanyagesandt