医学英语翻译与写作

MedicalEnglish

Translationandwriting

Lecture1AGeneralIntroductiontoMedicalEnglishTranslation

AGeneralIntroductionTranslationinChinaMedicalTranslationinChinaTheConceptofTranslationTheProcessofTranslationTheCriteriaofTranslationQualificationsforMedicalEnglishTranslatorsCharacteristicsofMedicalEnglishandTranslation

TranslationinChinaEarlyTranslationinChinaTheearliesttranslationactivitiesinChinadatebacktotheZhoudynasty(1100.BC).Documentsofthetimeindicatedthattranslationwascarriedoutbygovernmentclerks,whowereconcernedprimarilywiththetransmissionofideologies.

TranslationinChinaItwasduringtheHandynasty(206BC-220BC)thattranslationbecameamediumforthedisseminationofforeignlearning.Buddhism,whichoriginatedinIndiaandwasunknownoutsidethatcountryforaverylongtimebegantopenetrateChinatowardthemiddleofthefirstcentury.Therefore,theBuddhistscriptureswhichwerewritteninSanskritneededtobetranslatedintoChinesetomeettheneedofChineseBuddhists.

TranslationinChinaThreepeaksoftranslationinhistorybeforetheMay4thMovement(1919)Thefirstpeak:translationofBuddhistclassics:ZhiQian支谦DaoAn道安kumarajiva鸠摩罗什XuanZhang玄奘ZhenDi真谛

TranslationinChinaZhiQian支谦(ThreeKingdomsperiods)HeputforwardhisnormsthatthetranslatorofBuddhistclassicsshould“followtheoriginalintentionoftheauthorwihoutanyembroidery”.（因循本旨，不加文饰）《法句经序》

TranslationinChinaDaoAn道安（EasternJinDynasty）Hesuggestedthatatranslatorshould“translateaccordingtotheoriginalwithoutanyadditionanddeduction”.（案本而传，不令有损言游字）Literaltranslation

TranslationinChinakumarajiva鸠摩罗什(350-410)Heemphasizedtheaccuracyoftranslation.Therefore,heappliedafreetranslationapproachtotransferthetrueessenceoftheSanskritSutras