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AnswerstoEar-trainingandWrittenExercise
Chapter1
WrittenExercise
Phonetictranscription
Theactualrealizationof‘t’sounds:
Phoneme/t/
Words
Broadtranscription
Narrowtranscriptionof‘t’
top
/t?p/
[th?p]
stop
/st?p/
[st?p]
eighth
/e?tθ/
[e?tθ]
tree
/tri?/
[t?ri?]
button
/b?tn/
[b??n]
[t?],[t],[t],[t?]and[?]areallphoneticallydifferentsounds,i.e.allophonesofthephoneme/t/.Thisdifferencecanbecapturedinthetranscription,asin[th?p]and[st?p],respectively.The‘t’ineighthissucceededbythedental/θ/sound,soitisdentliseds[t],nd‘t’inintreeisretreatedas[t?]becauseitisfollowedbypost-alveolar[r]-sound.Ontheotherhand,inthewordbutton,‘t’ispronouncedwithaglottalstop,andistranscribedas[?].
Minimalpairs
Word-initialposition
Word-midposition
Word-finalposition
late–rate
tell–tail
mat–mad
Patty–batty
bade–bird
peace–Pete
Pete–beat
chick–cheque
fleece–fleet
bail–pale
fist–fished
plate–played
pen–Ben
collect-correct
sinner–singer
line-Rhine
fill–fell
leak–league
loyal-royal
middle–medal
worth–worse
Thespeechorgans
epiglottis
vocalcords
esophagus
nasalcavity
oralcavity
pharyngealcavity
upperandlowerlips
upperandlowerteeth
alveolarridge
hardpalate
softpalate(velum)
uvula
tipofthetongue
bladeofthetongue
frontofthetongue
backofthetongue
rootofthetongue
Basicknowledge
velum 2) /?/
3) theupperandlowerlip 4) dental
5) speechproduction 6) speechorgans
7) allophones 8) complementarydistribution
9) narrowtranscription: 10)minimalpair
Chapter2
Ear-trainingExercise
1)
pen
2)
feel
3)
cut
4)
fail
5)
nowhere
6)
pain
7)
fair
8)
air
9)
leave
10)
won’t
11)
collar
12)
pole
13)
walk
14)
phoned
15)
ashower
WrittenExercise
VowelsoundsofEnglishletters
/e?/
/i:/
/e/
/a?/
/??/
/u:/
/ɑ?/
AHJK
BCDEGPT
V
FLMNSXZ
IY
O
QUW
R
Soundrecognition
1)
man
2)
speak
3)
go
4)
one
5)
bacon
6)
breakfast
7)